Environmental Cooperation in North America: Scope and Constraints

This article discusses the history of environmental cooperation in North America, specifically during the NAFTA period, and it focuses on the results, achievements, and constraints of the incorporation of environmental aspects into a trade agreement. The article is divided into three main sections. The first one addresses the link between trade and the environment; the second one analyzes the environmental aspects of NAFTA, and the third one explores the first renegotiation of the Agreement and its outcome: the USMCA. Deemed an opportunity to strengthen the environmental component of NAFTA, the USMCA has fallen sadly short.